IPOs & Corporate Events
Dilution
The reduction in existing shareholders' ownership percentage caused by the issuance of new shares (via IPO, secondary offering, stock options, or convertible debt).
Dilution % = New Shares Issued / (Old Shares + New Shares) × 100
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Earnings + IPO Calendar →Related Terms
IPO (Initial Public Offering)
The first time a private company sells shares to the public on a stock exchange. Raises capital for the company; early investors and employees gain liquidity.
Lock-Up Period
A contractual period (typically 90–180 days post-IPO) during which insiders and early investors cannot sell their shares. Lock-up expiration often causes temporary selling pressure.
Prospectus (S-1)
The formal SEC filing a company submits before an IPO. Contains financial statements, risk factors, business description, and use of proceeds. The primary document for IPO due diligence.
Stock Split
A corporate action that increases the number of shares while proportionally reducing the share price. A 2-for-1 split doubles the shares and halves the price. Market cap is unchanged.
Share Buyback
When a company repurchases its own shares from the market using cash. Reduces shares outstanding, boosting EPS and often the stock price. A signal of management confidence.
Direct Listing
An alternative to an IPO where a company lists existing shares directly on an exchange without issuing new shares or using underwriters. No lock-up period, no underwriting fees.